Online Videos -
Making your footage ready for Youtube.
The online videos publishing phenomenon that is Youtube (and
related sites such
as Google Videos and Vimeo) has resulted in everyone thinking they are
Steven Spielberg and rushing out a home video to show the world.
The
truth of the matter is that a large proportion of the videos that go on
Youtube are low quality. You only have to look at video's such as this
or this
to understand what I mean.
Analysis of these indicates that the quality issues are low on 2
facets:-
The content and presentation is low quality
(They haven't followed my guide for shooting
good video footage)
The upload to Youtube has created artifacts and
compression issues
The thing to remember when preparing for Youtube is that you are
limited to both file size and length. As a result everything you do for
Youtube will be a compromise between having enough detail to see what
you're doing and having a small enough file size to make it worth
watching. Your upload limit is 100MB for a 10 minute film. Given that
normal digital footage from a camcorder is recorded at much greater
rates than that (I have a 10 minute DV film that takes up about 2GB,
for example), you are on a losing stance to start with.
The key is to take advantage of the Youtube limitations to make your
video the best it can be.
Why does Youtube have problems?
But before we go any further let's recap on what happens when preparing
a video and reducing its file size:
The actual dimensions of the file can be
reduced (Your TV sized video
footage can be reduced to the smaller Youtube size of 320 x 240)
The bitrate can be reduced (This effects the
speed at which the data on
the video footage is processed. Larger bit rates mean higher quality.
Smaller bit rates mean lower)
The footage can be compressed using a
'differences' algorithm. This is
similar to how DVD's
are compressed. A frame is taken as a starting
point. This is encoded as a complete frame. The subsequent 'x' number
of frames are only analysed to determine the difference between them
and the key frame. The differences are saved, not the whole frame.
After a set number of frames, which can be changed, a
complete new frame is saved and the process starts again.
This isn't what I mean by 'Digital Compression". (Photo
courtesy of Spacepleb
released under a Creative Commons
attribution licence)
What can we do about it?
So knowing this let's look at how we can go about preparing your
Youtube video and make it look as good as it can be.
1) Start with the
highest quality you can. If your video footage is going to
be reduced in quality it needs to start from an excellent base. If
you're trying to use some old Hi8 or VHS tape that you found in the
attic the chances are it's not going to be appropriate. You need
standard definition (SD) digital video as a minimum. High definition is
preferable! And it should be the original footage, it shouldn't be
something you've taken from another project you've worked on and have
thereby already compressed. Recapture from the camera if you can't find
your original.
2) When preparing for
filming make sure you don't have much movement. It stands
to reason that if your file is going to be compressed using the
'differences' algorithm, then any large differences are going to
increase file size. If you can keep movement to a minimum this will
benefit you. This also applies to things such as the background. If you
have a shot of someone talking and they are against a 'busy'
background, any slight move of the camera will register the whole
background as being changed needing a large write to disk to save the
information. Shoot against a plain background. Unlike these guys here:
Photo
Courtesy of Jurvetson
(Released under a Creative Commons Attribution License)
3) Make it well lit.
One other problem with digital video is that when the video starts to
get too dark it introduces 'noise' into the dark areas. (Actually the
noise is always there but it becomes more noticeable in the dark
areas). So keep your scene well lit and it will hide the noise more
effectively than if it has those big dark areas on the screen.
4) Don't use too many
effects. By this I mean don't add fades or dissolves
unless absolutely
necessary. These all go towards the 'movement' theme
I talked about in point 2. Straight cuts from one shot to another are
best.
Remember your whole aim is to prepare
to present a video whereby the
majority of the bandwidth is taken up by what you are trying to show
rather than technical items such as a fuzzy background being
re-rendered on every frame
.
Summary
The art of Youtube is not complex. Just remember the following items:
- Not too much movement
- Not too long
- Simple - too complicated gets lost
- Well lit
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